YCOB
三硼酸氧鈣釔,YCa4O(BO3)3(YCOB)晶體為一種非線性晶體，其非線性光學系數與BBO和LBO晶體相當，具有穩定的物化性能(不潮解)和良好的機械加工性能，并且可以通過提拉法在較短的周期內獲得，已成為目前研究最為廣泛的非線性光學晶體之一。由于YCOB晶體具有易生長高光學質量大單晶、透光波段寬、相位匹配范圍大、損傷閥值高、不潮解等優點，目前已成為頻率轉換器件的研究熱點。由于Y可以和大多數稀土激活離子以任何比例替換，使晶體同時具備激光和非線性光學性質從而成為激光自倍頻晶體。YCOB晶體最大的優勢就是兼具優良非線性光學吸收和可以制備出大口徑器件。
特點
- 電阻率高；
- 各向異性較小；
- 熱膨脹系數小；
- 溫度接受度高；
- 較少的參數發光；
- 激光誘導損傷閾值高；
物化性能
| 晶體結構 | 單斜，點群m |
| 晶格參數 | a=8.0770 ?, b=16.0194 ? , c=3.5308 ? ,? β=101.167o, Z=2 |
| 熔點 | 大約1510oC |
| 莫氏硬度 | 6~6.5 |
| 密度 | 3.31 g/cm3 |
| 導熱系數 | 2.6 W/m/K (||X), 2.33 W/m/K (||Y), 3.1 W/m/K (||Z) |
YCOB晶體中有效二階非線性光學效應的實驗值（SHG，Ⅰ型，1.0642μm→0.5321μm）
| 相位匹配方向 | deff [pm/V] |
| θ =90?,Φ=35.3? (XY plane) | 0.39 |
| θ =90?,Φ=35? (XY plane) | 0.42 |
| θ =31.7?,Φ=0? (XZ plane) | 0.78 |
| 1.03 | |
| θ =148.3?,Φ=0? (XZ plane) | 1.36 |
| 1.44 | |
| θ =65?,Φ=36.5? | 1.14 |
| θ =65.9?,Φ=36.5? | 0.91 |
| θ =66.3?,Φ=143.5? | 1.45 |
| θ =67?,Φ=143.5? | 1.73 |
| θ =66?,Φ=145? | 1.8 |
| 在YCOB晶體中，deff的特性包括反射鏡和反演對稱性。 這意味著可以通過選擇兩個獨立的象限來完全描述deff的空間分布，例如（0°＜θ＜90°，0°＜Φ＜90°）和（0°＜θ＜90°，90 °＜Φ＜180°）。此后，這兩個象限的每個（θ，Φ）方向的deff值等于（180°-θ，180°-Φ）方向的deff值，反之亦然。 例如，方向（θ＝ 33°，? ＝ 9°）和（θ＝ 147°，Φ＝ 171°）具有相等的deff值。 | |
YCOB主平面SHG、SFG內角帶寬的實驗值
| 相互作用波長[μm] | Φpm [deg] | θpm [deg] | Δ?int[deg] | Δθint[deg] |
| XY plane, θ =90? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ? ? ? ? ? SHG, o+o ? e | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1.0642?0.5321 | 35 | ? | 0.09 | ? |
| ? ? ? ? ?SHG, e+o ? e | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1.0642?0.5321 | 73.4 | ? | 0.32 | ? |
| ? ? ? ? ? SFG, o+o ? e | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1.0642+0.5321?0.3547 | 73.2 | ? | 0.11 | ? |
| YZ plane, φ =90? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ? ? ? ? ? SHG, e+o ? o | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1.0642?0.5321 | ? | 58.7 | ? | 0.74 |
| ? ? ? ? ? SFG, e+e ? o | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1.0642+0.5321?0.3547 | ? | 58.7 | ? | 0.19 |
| XZ plane, Φ=0?,θ | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| ? ? ? ? ? ?SHG, o+o ? e | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1.0642?0.5321 | ? | 31.7 | ? | 0.08 |
相位匹配角實驗值（T=293K）
| 相互作用波長[μm] | Φexp[deg] |
| XY plane, θ=90? | |
| SHG, o+o → e | |
| 1064 → 532 | 35 |
| 738 → 369 | 77.3 |
| SHG, type Ⅰ, along Y | |
| 724 → 362 | 90 |
| SFG, o+o → e | |
| 1064+532 → 355 | 75.2 |
| SHG, type Ⅱ, along Y | |
| 1030 → 515 | 90 |
| SFG, e+o → e | |
| 1908+1064 → 683 | 81.2 |
光譜
 | 
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| 藍線是SHG后的光譜強度。 紅線是Wizzler測得的相位 | 藍線是SHG之后的脈沖FTL形狀。 紅線是Wizzler測量的時間形狀。 |
 | 
|
| 通過基于BBO晶體的第一階段（黑色實線）和基于YCOB晶體的第二階段（紅色實線）獲得的OPA光譜。 | YCOB晶片的X射線搖擺曲線 |
| |
| YCOB晶體的透射光譜 | |
參考文獻
| [1]? Zhong D ,? Bing T ,? Kong W , et al. Effect of disordered structure and crystal defects on heat transfer behavior in Er:Yb: YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2018, 124:121-129. |
| [2]? Tu X ,? Zheng Y ,? Xiong K , et al. Crystal growth and characterization of 4 in. YCa4O(BO3)(3) crystal[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2014, 401(sep.1):160-163. |
| [3]? Segonds P ,? Boulanger B , B Ménaert, et al. Optical characterizations of YCa4O(BO3)3 and NdlYCa4O(BO3)3 crystals[J]. Optical Materials, 2007, 29(8):975-982. |
| [4]? Fujimoto Y ,? Yanagida T ,? Yokota Y , et al. Scintillation and optical properties of Pb-doped YCa 4O(BO 3) 3 crystals[J]. Nuclear Inst & Methods in Physics Research A, 2011, 652(1):238-241. |
| [5]? Goldner P ,? Guillot-No?L O ,? Higel P . Optical bistability in Yb3+:YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal[J]. Optical Materials, 2004, 26(3):281-286. |
| [6]? Hammons D A ,? Eichenholz J M ,? Ye Q , et al. Laser action in Yb3+: YCOB (Yb3+:YCa4O(BO3)3)[J]. Optics Communications, 1998, 156(4):327-330. |
| [7]? Kalidasan M ,? Kumar R A ,? Asokan K , et al. Effect of 120 MeV Au9+ ion irradiation on structural, optical and dielectric properties of YCa4O(BO3)3 nonlinear optical crystal[J]. Nuclear Inst & Methods in Physics Research B, 2012, 280(Jun.1):134-139. |
| [8]? A H Z ,? A H W ,? A Y W , et al. Properties of single crystal piezoelectric Ca 3 TaGa 3 Si 2 O 14 and YCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 resonators at high-temperature and vacuum conditions[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2014, 216(3):167-175. |
| [9]? Ye Q ,? Chai B . Crystal growth of YCa4O(BO3)3 and its orientation[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1999, 197(s 1–2):228–235. |
| [10]? J. T , Ingle, and, et al. Combustion synthesis and optical properties of Oxy-borate phosphors YCa4O(BO3)3:RE3+ (RE=Eu3+, Tb3+) under UV, \\{VUV\\} excitation[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 585(1):633-636. |
| [11]? Shah L ,? Ye Q ,? Eichenholz J M , et al. Laser tunability in Yb 3+:YCa 4O(BO 3) 3 {Yb:YCOB}[J]. Optics Communications, 1999, 167(1-6):149-153. |
| [12]? Sano H ,? Matsumoto T ,? Matsumoto Y , et al. A combinatorial approach to the discovery and optimization of YCa 4O(BO 3) 3-based luminescent materials[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2006, 252(7):2493-2496. |
| [13]? Krishnakumar V ,? Nagalakshmi R . Polarised infrared and Raman studies of YCa4O(BO3)3 a non-linear optical single crystal[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2004, 60(12):2733-2739. |
| [14]? Jiang H , J Wang,? Zhang H , et al. Spectral and luminescent properties of Yb3+ ions in YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal[J]. CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 2002. |
| [15]? Jang W K ,? Ye Q ,? Eichenholz J , et al. Second harmonic generation in Yb doped YCa4O(BO3)3[J]. Optics Communications, 1998, 155(4-6):332-334. |
| [16]? Wang K M ,? Hui H ,? Chen F , et al. Refractive index profiles in YCa 4O(BO 3) 3 and Nd:YCa 4O(BO 3) 3 waveguides created by MeV He ions[J]. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2002, 191(1):789-793. |
| [17] Investigation on intracavity second-harmonic generation at 1.06 μm in YCa4O(BO3)3 by using an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser[J]. Optics Communications, 2000. |
| [18]? Du C ,? Wang Z ,? Xu G , et al. Diode-end-pumped solid-state ultraviolet laser based on intracavity third-harmonic generation of 1.06mum in YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal[C]// Iumrs International Conference on Electronic Materials Iumrs-icem. 2002. |
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